Use these statements about valence electrons to answer the question.

1.all valence electrons are used to form bonds with other atoms or ions.
2.bonding electrons are represented by a single dot in an electron dot diagram.
3.when two electrons occupy the same valence orbital of an atom, they form a lone pair of electrons.
4.the last digit of a group number represents the number of valence electrons in the representative elements.

the true statements are

select one:
a. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1, 2, and 4
c. 1, 3, and 4
d. 2, 3, and 4

3.) for each of the following compounds, draw the major organic product of reaction with hcl or naoh and circle whether the starting materials and products will be more soluble in organic solvent or water benzoic acid + hcl: benzoic acid + naoh: oh benzoic acid water/organic water organic fluorenone hс: fluorenone + naoh: fluorenone water/organic water/organic веnzocaine + hci: benzocaine + n»oh: h2n benzocaine water/organic water organic o=

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

Why is the bond angle in a water molecule less than the bond angle of methane? a. the central oxygen atom in water has two lone pairs of electrons, whereas the central carbon atom in methane has no lone pairs. b. the central hydrogen atom in water has one lone pair of electrons, whereas the central carbon atom in methane has two lone pairs. c. the central oxygen atom in water has four lone pairs of electrons, whereas the central carbon atom in methane has only one lone pair. d. the central oxygen atom exerts more repulsive force on surrounding atoms than the central carbon atom in methane does. reset next