When you hold your nose and go underwater, you can still hear sounds that are made above the water, in the air, if they are loud enough. this is because the in the air get transferred to the water.?

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.

c. electrical charges of ionic bonds.