18. an objective observation is one without
a. direct quotes.
b. explanations of the environment.
c. bias or judgment.
d. details about what's happening

Answer is: C. bias or judgment.

Objective observations are accurate if there are not influenced by the observer's judgenebt, feelings, opinions or biases.

Observation is the active purchase of information from a primary source.

There are two types of data collecting: quantitative and qualitative observations.

1) Quantitative observations are made with instruments (in this example balance).

This data are measurable and can be expresed with numbers.

2) Qualitative observations are information about the quality of substances.  

In qualitative observation, informations are collected using senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch).  

Qualitative observations are not measurable and cannot be recorded in terms of numbers.  

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be

water at room temperature is flowing through a pipe with pressure taps located 10 ft apart along one section of the pipe, which are connected to a mercury (s=13.6) manometer.