Two ways the rate of a reaction be monitored

b

Explanation:

b

 If a reaction produces a gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, there are two ways to measure the reaction rate: using a gas syringe to measure the gas produced, or calculating the reduction in the mass of the reaction solution.

Explanation:

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/measuring-reaction-rates/#:~:text=If%20a%20reaction%20produces%20a,mass%20of%20the%20reaction%20solution.

This is the site I got it from.  I hope this helps.

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.

frequency, z, and the collision density, z, in carbon dioxide (co2), r 180 pm at 30 °c and 120 kpa