Select the mixture which is capable of tolerating addition of a strong acid without altering the pH? a.) 1.0 M HCl, 1.0 M NaCl b.) 1.0 M NH3,1.0 M NaCl c.) 1.0 M HF, 1.0 M NaCl d.) 1.0 M HNO2, 1.0 M NaNO2 e.) none

d.) 1.0 M HNO2, 1.0 M NaNO2

Explanation:

A buffer is a mixture that is capable of tolerating addition of a strong acid or base without altering the pH substantially.

A buffer is the mixture of a WEAK ACID AND ITS CONJUGATE BASE or a WEAK BASE AND ITS CONJUGATE ACID

In the problems:

a) HCl is a strong acid and NaCl a salt. NO buffer

b) NH3 is a weak base and NaCL a salt. NO buffer

c) HF is a weak acid and NaCl a salt. NO buffer.

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explanation:

each principal energy level above the first contains one s orbital and three p orbitals. a set of three p orbitals, called the p sublevel, can hold a maximum of six electrons. therefore, the second level can contain a maximum of eight electrons - that is, two in the s orbital and 6 in the three p orbitals.

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