Could I get some help answering these questions? Thanks!

Which part of earth’s surface receives the most direct rays from the sun? a) equator b) ocean c) poles d) mountains

Astable electron arrangement for an atom is one that does not easily change. how is this arrangement arrived at? a. valence electrons are transferred or shared to create a full outer shell of electrons. b. valence electrons are discarded into space to create a full outer shell of electrons. c. protons (positive charge) pair with valence electrons (negative charge) to create a strong bond. d. outer shells with valence electrons are transferred or shared.

Oil rich countries in the middle east cover about 4% of earths total land area but prossess about 48% of the worlds known oil reserves what is the main reason for high concentration of reserves in this part of the world