D. Explain why might a reaction that releases energy require some energy before the reaction will begin?

Explain why scientists use shared characteristics to make cladograms.

This chart lists four kinds of polymers and their sources. what can be known about all four polymers, despite their differences? they come from living things. they share ionic carbon bonds. they are at least 100 monomers long. they are made of repeating subunits.

The chemical bond connecting one nucleotide with the next one along the nucleic acid chain is called a