• Define chemistry and explain the importance of studying it • Describe how chemistry affects research

• Identify the steps in the scientific method

• Define physical property and list several common physical properties of substances

• Differentiate among three states of matter

. Compare and contrast a physical change and chemical change Categorize a sample of matter as a substance or a mixture

• Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous samples of matter

• Describe two ways that components of mixtures can be separated

• Explain the difference between an element and a compound

• Identify the chemical symbols of elements, and name elements, given their symbols

• Apply the law of conservation of mass to chemical reactions Convert measurements to scientific notation

• List and use SI units of measurement and common Sl prefixes for length, volume, and mass .

Convert between the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales and between joules and calories

. Describe the density of a material and how it can change

• Describe Democritus's ideas about atoms and Daltons' atomic theory

• Describe the structure of atoms according to the Rutherford atomic model

• Describe how an element's atomic number relates to the number of protons

. Calculate the number of neutrons in an atom and the atomic mass of an element

• Explain what makes elements and isotopes different from each other

• Describe the energies and positions of electrons according to the quantum mechanical model and how the shapes of orbitals related to different sublevels differ

...study guide... not even half of it... rip​