Which equilibrium represents a buffer equilibrium? A.
HI + H2O ⇔ H3O+ + I-
B.
HCN + H2O ⇔ H3O+ + CN-
C.
NaOH ⇔ OH- + Na+
D.
HCl + H2O ⇔ H3O+ + Cl-
E.
HClO4 + H2O ⇔ H3O+ + ClO4-

Classify each statement about effective nuclear charge, zeff, as true or false.

What happens to the average kinetic energy of a gas when the particles of the gas collide against each other at a constant temperature and volume? explain your answer.

Liquid from a brewery fermentation contains 10% ethanol and 90% water. part of the fermentation product (50,000 kg/h) is pumped to a distillation column on the factory site. under current operating conditions, a distillate of 45% ethanol and 55% water is produced from the top of the column at a rate of one-tenth that of the feed. what is the composition of the waste "bottoms" from the still?