Why does radius increase as you go down a group (hint: think Bohr-Rutherford diagrams)? Why would an increase in radius make it easier to lose an outer electron (i. e. give a lower ionization energy)?

You are making a solution of calcium chloride dissolved in water. you add solid, stir, and it dissolves. you add just a spatula tip full, stir, and the solid does not dissolve. how could you describe the solutions before and after adding the spatula tip amount

A50.0g sample of liquid water at 0.0 c ends up as ice at -20.0 c. how much energy is involved in this change?

Skills of homo sapiens were found an excavation. the skulls were preserved because the bodies were frozen. so, these fossils are (blank) fossils.the image shows the evolution of skulls beginning 2 to 3 million years ago. based on the image, modern human skulls(blank) ape skulls.