What are the limitations of litmus paper and phenolphthalein indicators? Name two other indicators that can be used that do not have such limitations.

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.

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