A sample of brass weighing 1.203g was analyzed. The zinc in the alloy was reacted with 35.123g of HCl in excess, according to the balanced equation: Zn (s) + 2HCl(aq) - > H2(g) + ZnCl2 (aq)
After all the zinc reacted, the mass of the remaining solution weighed 36.309g

What was the mass of H2 produced?
What mass of Zn reacted?
What was the percentage of Zn (by mass) in the alloy?

The number of moles of reactants and products can be used to obtain the mass of products formed. The results obtained are as follows;

The question says that HCl was in excess. It means that after the reaction, we will have unreacted HCl(aq) and  ZnCl2(aq) in the remaining solution.

Hence;

Mass of ZnCl2(aq) formed = 36.309g - 35.123g  = 1.186g

Number of moles ZnCl2(aq) formed =

= 0.0087 moles

From the reaction equation;

To obtain the amount of Zn reacted

1 mole of Zn yields 1 mole of ZnCl2

x moles of Zn yields 0.0087 moles of ZnCl2

x = 0.0087 moles of Zn

a) 1 mole of Zn yields 1 mole of H2

0.0087 moles of Zn yields 0.0087 moles of H2

Mass of H2 = 0.0087 moles of H2 * 2 g/mol = 0.0174 grams

b)

Mass of Zn reacted =  0.0087 moles of Zn * 65.38 grams/mole = 0.5688 grams

c)

Percentage of Zn in the alloy = 0.5688 grams/1.203g * 100 = 47.3 %

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

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