In gluconeogenesis, ATP is utilized in the pyruvate carboxylase reaction and GTP is utilized in the PEP carboxykinase reaction. These are required, respectively, for:. a. the addition of CO2 to oxaloacetate and the addition of phosphate group to pyruvate.
b. the addition of CO2 to pyruvate and the addition of phosphate group to oxaloacetate.
c. the removal of CO2 from pyruvate and the addition of phosphate group to pyruvate.
d. the addition of CO2 to pyruvate and the addition of phosphate group to pyruvate.
e. the removal of CO2 from oxaloacetate and the removal of CO2 from oxaloacetate.