Why are facts and data important to science?

Iknow the answer to 13 is b and 14 is d. i just need to know why the correct answers are correct

A100-watt light bulb radiates energy at a rate of 100 j/s. (the watt, a unit of power or energy over time, is defined as 1 j/s.) if all of the light emitted has a wavelength of 525 nm , how many photons are emitted per second?

When 225mg of anthracene, c14h10(s), was burned in a bomb calorimeter the temperature rose by 1.75k. calculate the calorimeter constant. by how much will the temperature rise when 125mg of phenol, c6h5oh(s), is burned in the calorimeter under the same conditions? (δch< (c14h10,s)=–7061 kj mol−1.)