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The pH scale was designed to make it convenient to express hydrogen ion concentrations that are small in
aqueous solutions. The definiton of pH is in terms of base 10 logarithms.
pH = -log[H+]
where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration.
a. If the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is 8.89 x 10-3 mol/L, the pH is
b. If the pH of a solution is 3.332, the hydrogen ion concentration is
mol/L.
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qualitative observation deals with data that can be observed with our senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. they do not involve measurements or numbers. for instance, colors, shapes, and textures of objects are all qualitative observations.

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