In this experiment, you will use the different physical and chemical properties of the components of a mixture of sand (SiO2), sodium chloride (NaCl), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to separate each of these substances from the
mixture. Some of the physical and chemical properties of these three substances are listed in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Selected physical and chemical properties of several compounds
Substance Soluble in H2O Reacts with 3 M HCI
SiO2
No
No
Naci
Yes
No
CaCO3
No
Yes
CaSO4
No
No
Ca(NO3)2
Yes
No
O
A flow diagram is a schematic representation of a series of operations. Constructing a flow diagram as you do an
experiment is an effective way of recording your data and observations and may be helpful in this case in
summarizing the different steps you will take to accomplish the separation.
A flow diagram for this experiment should show the following steps:
extract the NaCl from the mixture with water
use gravity filtration to separate the insoluble SiO2 and CaCO3 from the aqueous solution of NaCl
recover NaCl from the filtrate by evaporating the water
react CaCO3 in the filtration residue with aqueous HCl, as shown in Eq. 2-3; SiO2 will remain as an
unreacted solid
CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl(aq) - CaCl2 (aq) + CO2(g) + H20 (1)
Eq. 2-3
decant the supernatant liquid from the unreacted SiO2
o

Is a measure of the resistance to flow. a high liquid has a high resistance to flow and flows slowly. the ancients thought everything in the world was made of 4 we now know that there are 94 naturally occurring and scientists have created another 24 i am certain they will create even more. honey flows slowly because it has a high to flowing. a can be separated by physical means because it contains more than one pure substance and 2 pure substances are not chemically bonded to each other. a cannot be separated by physical means. all matter is made up of all elements are with the same number of protons. if it is just a single or many bonded together, if all of them have the same number of protons, it is an element. in a piece of pure iron metal, all the are joined together, that piece of iron metal is called elemental iron. a single of iron is called elemental iron. a mixture has differences from place to place. we might need a microscope to see them or they might be obvious to the unaided eye. there are surfaces separating it into different phases. a mixture is the same everywhere. it is uniform. there are no surfaces separating it into different phases. if different kinds of atoms (different elements) are bonded together by their electrons, it is called a there are physical means of to isolate the different pure substances in a mixture and there are chemical means of to isolate the different elements in a compound. 1. element 2. compound 3. mixture 4. heterogeneous 5. homogeneous 6. pure substance 7. atoms 8. separation 9. viscosity 10. resistance