I need help with these

explanation:

crosscutting concepts have application across all domains of science. as such, they are a way of linking the different domains of science. they include patterns; cause and effect; scale, proportion, and quantity; systems and system models; energy and matter; structure and function; and stability and change.

8 m/s because for him to get the same amount of energy as ray is putting out, bobby, who weighs half as much as ray, needs to run twice as fast.