What happens during covalent bonding? A(The electrons of an atom are excited and jump into an orbital with a higher energy level.

B)The valence orbitals of multiple atoms combine to form one enormous orbital.

C)The ions form a well-ordered structure and are kept in place through strong attractions.

D)The attractive and repulsive forces between the atoms are equal and the atoms share electrons.

Answerd. may include all of these are many definitions of bases: the  brønsted-lowry definition of acids and bases says that bases are proton acceptors.the arrhenius definition of acids and bases says that bases increase [oh⁻] in solution (thereby producing oh⁻ ions)the lewis definition of acids and bases says that bases donate electron pairs.therefore, the sensible answer is that a base may include all of the described characteristics.

The velocity would be 2 

"electrical energy" transforms to "thermal energy".hope my answer has you : )