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what is the importance of a vacuum layer

A vacuum flask is usually used to insulate it's contents… I've used them for a multitude of things ranging from keeping my coffee warm, to keeping liquid nitrogen from evaporating.

The reason these types of flasks are so efficient has to do with their thermodynamic properties. To understand how a vacuum flask works, we need to know the basic properties of a vacuum. Air just like any other molecule is a conductor of heat.

Firstly, a “layer of vacuum” is created around the thermos, it's crucial that the chamber is depressurized*.

It prevents heat transfer by radiation, and the vacuum between double wall prevents heat moving by convection.

Explanation:

no, the red giant is the hottest with 2.00.000.000 degrees celsius. while the white dwarf only 25,000 degrees celsius.

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.