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Velocity ratio of simple machine is the ratio of distance travelled by effort to the distance travelled by load in the machine. The efficiency of a simple machine is defined as the ratio of useful work done by machine (output work) to the total work put into the machine (input work).

Explanation:

Mechanical advantage is the ratio of load to effort of machine or we can say it is the ratio of output of machine to the input of the machine. Velocity ratio is also defined as velocity of effort to the velocity of load. Efficiency (η)=M.

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.

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