HELP PLS Using what you can recall from this unit, write one or two short paragraphs describing Ernest Rutherford's
atomic model. If needed, you may search the Internet for descriptions of the model.

Ernest Rutherford's atomic models the basis of our understanding of atoms. The model describes the atom as a tiny and dense with a positively charged core called a nucleus with neutral subatomic particles called neutrons. The model includes negative-charged subatomic particles called electrons that orbit the nucleus.

Ernest Rutherford and his fellow scientist created an experiment in which they bombarded very thin sheets of gold foil with fast moving alpha particles. Alpha particles are a type of radioactive particles that are positively charged. During their time, the current atomic model showed that an atom’s mass and charge are uniformly distributed throughout the atom. Using that model, they expected that the alpha particles would pass through the gold foil with slight deflection or even none at all. While the experiment did show that they were undeflected, they were surprised to see that a small amount bounced of the the foil a large angles.

This experiment led Rutherford to conclude that the particles that were highly deflected must have experienced powerful enough force within the atom to be deflected. He concluded that all of the positive charges and the majority of the mass of the atom must be condensed in a very small space in the atom’s interior, which he called the nucleus.  In the nuclear model, the proton and  neutrons are in the nucleus, the center of the atom. Electrons a distributed throughout the atom, orbiting the nucleus.

I hope you understand! :)

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.