Does anyone know what the answer to the question is?

Which is the layer underground where all empty spaces are filled with a combination of air and water ?

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

Surface currents are caused by blank space . question 14 options: surface currents are caused by? differences in water temperature high salinity differences in density wind forces