The soils which are red with a surface layer containing much aluminum and iron are . Oxisols Aridisols Spodosols Histosols Ultisols

Ch4 and ph3 are both covalent since they are composed both of non-metals.    ch4 is non- polar because of  london forces and has a geometry of tetrahedral  ph3 , on the other hand, is umbrella shaped polar and has dipole-dipole intermolecular force (imf) . since ph3 is polar, it has a stronger imf   

The answer to your question would be c. mineral oil  

Ibelieve the answer is weathering,hope my answer has you : )