How is the earth’s groundwater and surface water replenished

The replenishment of groundwater takes place by precipitation, and on the basis of the geology and local climate, it is non-uniformly dispersed in both the quantity and quality. When the snow melts or rain falls, the evaporation of water takes place, some flows overland and gets gathered in streams, some get transpired by plants, while some infiltrate into the cracks or pores of the rocks and soil. After the requirements of water for the plants and soil gets fulfilled, the excess water gets infiltrate to the water table.  

Similarly, the surface water, that is, the lakes, streams, rivers, and others get replenished via the process of precipitation. This can be in the form of hail, snow, rain, and others. The ice or snow melt also recharges surface water.