Which substance will cause litmus paper to turn red?
a. a?

Acids will turn litmus paper to turn red.

Explanation:

Litmus paper is an indicator which is used to detect if the solution is acidic or basic.

There are 2 types of litmus paper: Blue litmus paper and Red litmus paper.

Blue litmus paper has no effect if the solution is basic but will turn Red if the solution is acidic.

Red litmus paper has no effect if the solution is acidic but will turn blue if the solution is basic.

Hence, only acidic solutions will cause litmus paper to turn red.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

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