Which term represents a type of nuclear reaction?
(1) condensation
(2) vaporization
(3) single replacement
(4) natural transmutation

represents a type of nuclear reaction.

Further Explanation:

A nuclear reaction is a term defined when there is a conversion of one nuclide into another. In this reaction, change in the nucleus of an atom is observed. When two nuclei and a subatomic particle undergo collision with each other and new nuclides are produced, nuclear reaction is said to take place. The interaction between the cosmic rays and matter is an example of natural nuclear reaction.

(1) Condensation

It is defined as the process by which a substance gets converted from its gaseous state to the liquid one. Changes in pressure and temperature are made in order to condense a substance. The dew that is observed on the green grass in the early morning is a natural example of the condensation process.

(2) Vaporization

It is a process of conversion of a substance from its liquid state to the gaseous or vapor state. It is also known as evaporation. It is a surface phenomenon. The recovery of salt from seawater is an example of vaporization in day to day life.

(3) Single replacement

It is a type of chemical reaction in which a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element. It is also known as a single displacement reaction. A general single-replacement is described as follows:

Here, A being more reactive displaces B from the compound BC and as a result, AC is formed.

(4) Natural transmutation

It is the process by which one element gets converted to another one. It usually takes place in unstable, radioactive elements that keep on decaying into several elements until a stable element is produced. Since transmutation brings about a change in the atomic nuclei, it is considered as a nuclear reaction.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Chapter: Nuclear chemistry

Subject: Chemistry

Keywords: nuclear reaction, natural transmutation, condensation, vaporization, evaporation, single replacement, single displacement, A, B, AC, BC, surface phenomenon, atomic nuclei, unstable, radioactive.

here we have to get the change of moles on decrease the volume of the reaction in gas phase.

the   per the given options it will decrease by (d) 11-50%

we know, on decreasing the volume of the gas phase reaction the reaction moves to the product side.

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:                   1 - α               α               α           = 1 + α

(concentration = moles/volume, as volume is 1 l)

(where α is the degree of dissociation)

now the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

=  

or,

or,   = (at v = 1l)

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:               (1 - α)/0.5           α/0.5         α/0.5       = (1 + α)/0.5

thus, the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

or,  

=  

so, the change of 1 : 1/0.5

or, 1: 2

thus it will decrease by 50%.

or, as per the given options it will decrease by 11-50%

altitude, density, pressure

air gets less dense the higher the altitude and also the air pressure is less as altitude rises.