Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward
(1) lower energy and lower entropy
(2) lower energy and higher entropy
(3) higher energy and lower entropy
(4) higher energy and higher entropy

1. calculate the approximate enthalpy of the reaction in joules. estimate that 1.0 ml of vinegar has the same thermal mass as 1.0 ml of water. iqnore the thermal mass of th sodium bicarbonate. note: it takes about 4.2 joules () to change 1.0 gram (1.0ml) of water 1.0 c

Which of the following methods uses the decay of atomic particles in an object to find its exact age? a. fossil dating b. geologic dating c. radioactive dating d. relative dating

Which best describes the activation energy of a chemical reaction? a. the combined energy of all the reactants b. the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur c. the difference in energy between products and reactants d. the potential energy stored in the bonds of reactants and products