Write the chemical symbols for three different atoms or atomic cations with 10 electrons.

             Neon =  Ne

             Sodium Cation  =  Na⁺

             Magnesium Cation =  Mg⁺⁺

Explanation:

                  Ions are generated when an atom or of atoms gains or looses electrons. When an atom gains electrons it is converted into Anions (with -ve charge) and when it looses electrons it is converted into Cations (with +ve charge).

                  Hence, Cations are those species which contain positive charge.

As we know Neon is the noble element with atomic number 10 and contains 10 electrons in neutral state. Hence, it is the atom with 10 electrons.

While Sodium has 11 electrons in its neutral state with following electronic configuration.

                                               1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s¹

The valence electron in 3rd shell can be easily donated by sodium atom as the resulting stable configuration will be of a noble gas. Hence forming Na⁺.

Also, Magnesium has 12 electrons in its neutral state with following electronic configuration.

                                               1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²

The valence electrons in 3rd shell can be easily donated by magnesium atom as the resulting stable configuration will be of a noble gas. Hence forming Mg⁺².

The chemical symbols for 10 different atomic cations with 10 electrons are: Ne, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺

In an atom there are levels of energy in the skin and sub skin.

This energy level is expressed in the form of electron configurations.

Writing electron configurations starts from the lowest to the highest sub-shell energy level. There are 4 sub skins in the skin of an atom, namely s, p, d and f. The maximum number of electrons for each sub skin is

Charging electrons in the sub skin uses the following sequence:

1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁶, 5s², 4d¹⁰, 5p⁶, 6s², etc.

Each sub-skin also has an orbital depicted in the form of a square in which there are electrons symbolized by half arrows.

An atom or cation that has 10 electrons means having an electron configuration as follows:

1s², 2s², 2p⁶

Judging from this configuration, the elements are in period 2 and group 8A

So the elements that meet are Ne

Whereas cations that meet 10 electrons are elements that release electrons so that they correspond to the electron configuration of the element Ne

and this element is located in period 3

This element is:

Na releases 1 electron into Na⁺ so that it matches the electron Ne configuration

Mg releases 2 electrons into Mg²⁺ so that it matches the electron Ne configuration

Al releases 3 electrons into Al³⁺ so that it matches the electron Ne configuration

element X

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Keywords: electron configurations, the skin of atoms, Ne, Na⁺, Mg²⁺,Al³⁺

whats the meaning of /

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.