Which of the following solutes will lower the freezing point of water the most? the molecular compound sucrose (c12h22o11) the ionic compound magnesium sulfate (mgso4) the ionic compound lithium chloride (licl) the ionic compound calcium fluoride (caf2)

the ionic compound calcium fluoride

Explanation:

= change in freezing point

i = Van'T Hoff factor

= freezing point constant

m = molality

1. For , i= 1 as it is a non electrolyte and does not dissociate.

2. For , i= 2 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 2 ions.

3. For , i= 2 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 2 ions.

4. For , i= 3 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 3 ions.

Thus as vant hoff factor is highest factor for and the freezing point will be lowest.

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.