Anna’s mother prepares sauerkraut, a fermented dish made from finely cut cabbage and salt. lactobacillus bacteria present on the surface of the cabbage combine with salt to turn the cabbage into a crunchy, sour dish. what chemical process occurs to create this dish?

The chemical process occurs to create this dish is fermentation.

Explanation:

Fermentation is defined as chemical process in which substance is broken down by the action of microorganism like bacteria, yeast etc into simpler or smaller molecules like alcohols or acids.

Lactobacillus bacteria present on the surface will help in breaking down of the carbohydrate or sugar present in cabbage to convert it into acid which is responsible for the sour taste of the dish.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.