How is the kyoto protocol enforced a. by using carbon credits and debits b. by banning aerosols c. by banning cfcs d. by monitoring the ozone hole

A. By using carbon credits and debits

The Kyoto Protocol is related with the international treaty for limiting the emission of the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluorides, perfluorocarbons.

By using carbon credits and debits is the correct option because US and other developing countries are in the regulation with this protocol with the relative increase and cut in the emission of the greenhouse gases.

vanderwaal's forces of attraction are the electrostatic intermolecular forces that exist in a molecule due to the temporary or permanent dipoles that are developed in a molecule. in , the major intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions as the molecule is polar (bent structure). so the vanderwaal's forces of interaction in between molecules are the permanent dipole-dipole interactions that develop due to the dipole that exists in between the polar h - s bond. the positively charged hydrogen atom is attracted towards the negative end of the dipole that is sulfur of the adjacent molecule. therefore, these forces of attraction are relatively stronger than that of london dispersion forces that exist in non polar molecules.

the ratio of the conjugate base to the acid required to attain the desired ph.