If you wanted to neutralize 4.00g naoh, what volume (l) of 1.0 m hcl would you need?

The balanced reaction between NaOH and HCl is as follows
NaOH + HCl ----> NaCl + H₂O
stoichiometry of NaOH to HCl is 1:1
molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol 
number of moles = 
therefore number of NaOH moles - 4.00 g / 40 g/mol = 0.100 mol
since molar ratio of HCl to NaOH is 1:1
number of HCl moles required = 0.100 mol
Molarity of HCl is 1.0 M
this means that a volume of 1 L contains 1.0 mol
therefore volume containing 0.100 mol - 0.100 mol / 1.0 mol/L = 0.10 L
volume of HCl required = 100 mL 

Answer: abeexplanation:

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

All the elements are arranged by melting points on the periodic table. in row they go from metals to gasses. in the row from sodium to argon, sodium is more reactive than the one on its right, magnesium.