What is the output of the following program fragment:
void find(int a, int& b, int& c)
{
int temp;
c = a + b;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = 2 * temp;
}
int main()
{
int x, y, z;
x = 10;
y = 20;
z = 25;
find(x, y, z);
cout< < x < < " "< < y < < " "< < z <
return 0;
}
output:

Output of the given code is: 10 20 30.

Explanation:

Here in function find(int a, int& b, int& c), three parameters are passed, firstis passed by value and rest are passed by reference. When a parameter is passed by value, the any changes made by the other function doesn't reflects in the main function.And when a value is passed by reference, then any changes made by other function will reflects in the main function also.

Here find is called with (10,20,25).So in the function, c=a+b i e. c=10+20.Here b,c are passed by reference. So any change in b,c will change the value of y,z in main. temp=10,then a=b i.e a=20, and b=2*temp That is b=2*10.Here value of a=20, b=20 and c=30.Since b,c are passed by reference then it will change the value of y, z in main function but a will not change the value of x.

Hence the value of x=10, y=20 and z =30 after the function call.