In this exercise, we will examine how replacement policies affect miss rate. assume a two-way set associative cache with four one-word blocks. consider the following word address sequence: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0. consider the following address sequence: 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 05.20.1 [5] < §§5.4, 5.8> assuming an lru replacement policy, which accesses are hits? 5.20.2 [5] < §§5.4, 5.8> assuming an mru (most recently used) replacement policy, which accesses are hits? 5.20.3 [5] < §§5.4, 5.8> simulate a random replacement policy by flipping a coin. for example, "heads" means to evict the first block in a set and "tails" means to evict the second block in a set. how many hits does this address sequence exhibit? 5.20.4 [10] < §§5.4, 5.8> describe an optimal replacement policy for this sequence. which accesses are hits using this policy? 5.20.5 [10] < §§5.4, 5.8> describe why it is difficult to implement a cache replacement policy that is optimal for all address sequences. 5.20.6 [10] < §§5.4, 5.8> assume you could make a decision upon each memory reference whether or not you want the requested address to be cached. what effect could this have on miss rate?

Data is processed, stored, and transmitted as a series of 1s and 0s. each 1 or 0 is called a(n) . a series of eight 0s and 1s, called a(n) , represents one character—a letter, number, or punctuation mark. data becomes when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use. digital signals are represented by two different , such as +5 volts and +.2 volts. digital data can also take the form of light and dark spots etched onto the surface of a cd or the positive and negative orientation of particles on the surface of a hard disk. data consists of numbers that might be used in arithmetic operations. it can be represented digitally using the number system. data is composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in arithmetic operations. computers represent this type of data using , ebcdic, unicode, or utf-8. data is quantified using terms such as or kibibyte (1024 bytes), and prefixes such as or mebi (1,048,576), and giga or (1,073,741,824). to reduce file size and transmission times, digital data can be compressed. compression provides the means to compress data and reconstitute it into its original state. compression throws away some of the original data during the compression process. compressed files usually have at the end of the file name and are represented with special icons. these files have to be or unzipped before you can view the data they contain.

Andrina writes letters that are regularly sent to hundreds of her company’s customers. because of this, she would like for the mail merge command to be in her quick access toolbar, and she wants it to be the first button on the left. what should andrina do to place the mail merge button there?

Cloud computing service providers manage different computing resources based on the services they offer. which resources do iaas and paas providers not manage? iaas providers do not manage the for the client, whereas paas providers usually do not manage the for their clients. iaas- storage server operating system network paas- applications interafce storage vertualiation