A. List and define the 3 control problems associated with competing processes.
b. List the requirements for mutual exclusion.
c. How is a semaphore different from a monitor.
d. What 3 conditions must be present for deadlock to be possible? How can each be prevented? What is the 4th condition that creates deadlock?

A) The 3 control problems associated with competing processes are:

(a) Mutual Exclusion

(b) Deadlock

(c) Starvation

B) Requirements for Mutual Exclusion

A process that is halting should do so without interfering with other processes

No Deadlock or Starvation

A process should not be denied access to a critical section when there is no other process using it

A process must remain inside its critical section for a finite time only

C) Difference between Semaphore and Monitor

Semaphore is an integer value used for signaling among processes

Monitor is a programming language construct that encapsulates variables, access procedures, and initialization code within an abstract data type

Only 3 operations is performed on Semaphore, all of which are atomic: initialize, decrement and increment

Only 1 operation may be actively accessed via its access procedures

D) Three conditions that must be present for deadlock to be possible:

Mutual Exclusion

Hold and Wait or Partial Allocation

No pre-emption

Resource Waiting or Circular Wait

By ensuring that at least one of the above conditions cannot hold, we can prevent the occurrence of a deadlock.

Explanation:

the correct option is (d) vin label

vin stands for vehicle information number. this is a thin metallic plate attached to the engine of the vehicle and it includes all the important information which are related to the vehicle. it also provides the information whether the vehicle has been stolen or not because the replacement and alternation of vin number creates difference in the exact number printed on the vin and carved on the engine.