In a real-world environment, changing granularity requirements might dictate changes in primary key selection, and those changes might ultimately require the use of keys.

In a real-world environment, changing granularity requirements might dictate changes in primary key selection, and those changes might ultimately require the use of surrogate keys.

Explanation:

A surrogate key is a unique identity as an object or entity. It is used as an object in the database and as an entity in the modern world. Surrogate key is not a natural key hence it cannot be derived from application data.

Advantages of using surrogate key:

answer; middle level managers;

solution:

this situation is called an ip conflict.

data from a server is sent in small bits called packets. in an ip conflict, some packets will end up in one computer while some other packets will end up in another computer.

so…overall none of the computers get the data as the original message or picture being sent by the server cannot be retrieved with only half the packets. so it will show up as an error.

thus the final answer is d.