In this lab you will write a program that simulates a mouse in a maze. The maze will have one exit location. The mouse will start from some location in the maze and move to different locations until it gets out of the maze or gets stuck. (Your mouse will be smart enough to know that it is stuck, as long as it doesn't follow a path that contains a loop!) Sometimes the mouse will come to a dead end and will need to backtrack to try another path. No matter where the mouse is in the maze, the mouse can only travel in one of the four cardinal directions, north (up), south(down), east(right) and west(left):

/* C/C++ program to solve Rat in a Maze problem using  

backtracking */

#include <stdio.h>  

// Maze size  

#define N 4  

bool solveMazeUtil(int maze[N][N], int x, int y, int sol[N][N]);  

/* A utility function to print solution matrix sol[N][N] */

void printSolution(int sol[N][N])  

{  

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {  

 for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)  

 printf(" %d ", sol[i][j]);  

 printf("\n");  

}  

}  

/* A utility function to check if x, y is valid index for N*N maze */

bool isSafe(int maze[N][N], int x, int y)  

{  

// if (x, y outside maze) return false  

if (x >= 0 && x < N && y >= 0 && y < N && maze[x][y] == 1)  

 return true;  

return false;  

}  

/* This function solves the Maze problem using Backtracking. It mainly  

uses solveMazeUtil() to solve the problem. It returns false if no  

path is possible, otherwise return true and prints the path in the  

form of 1s. Please note that there may be more than one solutions,  

this function prints one of the feasible solutions.*/

bool solveMaze(int maze[N][N])  

{  

int sol[N][N] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 },  

   { 0, 0, 0, 0 },  

   { 0, 0, 0, 0 },  

   { 0, 0, 0, 0 } };  

if (solveMazeUtil(maze, 0, 0, sol) == false) {  

 printf("Solution doesn't exist");  

 return false;  

}  

printSolution(sol);  

return true;  

}  

/* A recursive utility function to solve Maze problem */

bool solveMazeUtil(int maze[N][N], int x, int y, int sol[N][N])  

{  

// if (x, y is goal) return true  

if (x == N - 1 && y == N - 1) {  

 sol[x][y] = 1;  

 return true;  

}  

// Check if maze[x][y] is valid  

if (isSafe(maze, x, y) == true) {  

 // mark x, y as part of solution path  

 sol[x][y] = 1;  

 /* Move forward in x direction */

 if (solveMazeUtil(maze, x + 1, y, sol) == true)  

 return true;  

 /* If moving in x direction doesn't give solution then  

 Move down in y direction */

 if (solveMazeUtil(maze, x, y + 1, sol) == true)  

 return true;  

 /* If none of the above movements work then BACKTRACK:  

 unmark x, y as part of solution path */

 sol[x][y] = 0;  

 return false;  

}  

return false;  

}  

// driver program to test above function  

int main()  

{  

int maze[N][N] = { { 1, 0, 0, 0 },  

   { 1, 1, 0, 1 },  

   { 0, 1, 0, 0 },  

   { 1, 1, 1, 1 } };  

solveMaze(maze);  

return 0;  

}