When the processor needs an instruction or data, it searches memory in this order: L1 cache, then L2 cache, then L3 cache (if it exists), then RAM — with a greater delay in processing for each level it must search.

Answer and Explanation:

Memory Cache speed the processes of the computer. It stores instruction and data. The computer has two types of memory cache

L1 cache, L2 cache, and L3 Cache i.e., Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3

L1 cache is built on the processor chip and has a minimal capacity.

L2 cache is slower than L1 and has a large capacity. Mostly processor uses ATC advanced transfer cache.

When the processor needs instruction, it searched in order L1 cache than L2 cache and L3. If any data or instruction is not found, then search slower speed medium such as a hard disk and optical disc.

it would be a. excessive network collisions or d. slow connectivity between devices those would be my answer.