ICMP (a) is required to solve the NAT traversal problem
(b) is used in Traceroute
(c) has a new version for IPv6
(d) is used by Ping

(b) is used in Traceroute

(d) is used by Ping

Explanation:

ICMP is the short form of Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a protocol used by networking devices such as routers to perform network diagnostics and management. Since it is a messaging protocol, it is used for sending network error messages and operations information. A typical message could be;

i. Requested service is not available

ii. Host could not be reached

ICMP does not use ports. Rather it uses types and codes. Some of the most common types are echo request and echo reply.

Traceroute - which is a diagnostic tool - uses some messages available in ICMP (such as Time Exceeded) to trace a network route.

Ping - which is an administrative tool for identifying whether a host is reachable or not - also uses ICMP. The ping sends ICMP echo request packets to the host and then waits for an ICMP echo reply from the host.

ICMP is not required to solve NAT traversal problem neither does it have a new version in IPV6.

answer:

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