Using the Caesar cipher, "HELLO" is encrypted to "OLSSV" by applying a shift of 7. The number 7 is considered the

The example given represents a simple shift cipher encryption with each letter in the original text shifted by a fixed value. Hence, the shift value of 7 used in the cipher given is called the key.

Each alphabet on the original text, HELLO is shifted by the key 7 to produce :

This produces the encryption OLSSV, hence, with the shift of 7 known the encryption letters are each reversed by 7 to obtain the actual phrase 'HELLO'.

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The offset

Explanation:

In the question, we understand that the original text is HELLO and the encrypted text is OLSSV.

It should be noted that O replaced H, L replaced E, S replaced L and V replacement O.

This is made possible by a term refered to as offset.

The offset is used to determine the character that will replace another when it is encrypted.

7 characters after H is O; this is same for every other characters in the text.

transport layer protocol

explanation: