1. At the low end, the telephone system is star shaped, with all the local loops in a neighborhood converging on an end office. In contrast, cable television consists
of a single long cable snaking its way past all the houses in the same
neighborhood. Suppose that a future TV cable were 10-Gbps fiber instead of
copper. Could it be used to simulate the telephone model of everybody having
their own private line to the end office? If so, how many one-telephone houses
could be hooked up to a single fiber?

A-12.3 an american spy is deep undercover in the hostile country of phonemia. in order not to waste scarce resources, any time he wants to send a message back home, he removes all the punctuation from his message and converts all the letters to uppercase. so, for example, to send the message, “abort the plan! meet at the dark cabin.” he would transmit given such a string, s, of n uppercase letters, describe an efficient way of breaking it into a sequence of valid english words. you may assume that you have a function, valid(s), which can take a character string, s, and return true if and only if s is a valid english word. what is the running time of your algorithm, assuming each call to the function, valid, runs in o(1) time?