Describe a cellular network, its principle
components and how it works.

A cellular network is a contact network with a wireless last connection. The network is divided into cells, which are served by at least one fixed-location transceiver station each. These base stations provide network coverage to the cell, which can be used to send voice, data, and other types of information. It's often referred to as a mobile network.

The principal components of the cellular network will be explained below as follows-

BTS (Base Transceiver Station) - It is the most important part of a cell since it links subscribers to the cellular network for data transmission and reception. It employs a network of antennas that are dispersed across the cell.

BSC (Basic Station Controller) - It is a portion that interfaces between Basic Station Controllers and is connected to Basic Station Controllers via cable or microwave links, as well as routing calls between Basic Station Controllers and the MSC (Mobile Switching Center).

MSC (Mobile Switching Center) - The supervisor of a cellular network is linked to several Basic Station Controllers and routes cells between them. It also connects the cellular network to other networks such as the PSTN through fiber optics, microwave, or copper cable.

A cellular network works when the SIM card is organized into geographical cells, each of which has an antenna that transmits to all mobile phones in the city, cellular networks operate by knowing the exact location, which comes from the SIM card. A transmitter generates an electrical signal, which is converted by the transmit antenna into an electromagnetic wave, which is then radiated, and the RF wave is then converted back into an electrical signal. In cellular network networks, four multiple access schemes are used, ranging from the first analog cellular technologies to the most modern cellular technologies.