A collection of data could be this: johan, ,\$,< AND Explain why these are regarded as just items of data . In your explanation give a possible context for each item of data and describe how the items would then become information.

A-12.3 an american spy is deep undercover in the hostile country of phonemia. in order not to waste scarce resources, any time he wants to send a message back home, he removes all the punctuation from his message and converts all the letters to uppercase. so, for example, to send the message, “abort the plan! meet at the dark cabin.” he would transmit given such a string, s, of n uppercase letters, describe an efficient way of breaking it into a sequence of valid english words. you may assume that you have a function, valid(s), which can take a character string, s, and return true if and only if s is a valid english word. what is the running time of your algorithm, assuming each call to the function, valid, runs in o(1) time?