What type of software resides on a computer’s hard drive, and controls the cpu and all other activity between components? computer application network operating system operating system system

Operating System  (OS) is the answer.

An application runs in/on an OS.  It is not the OS itself. Like Word or Chrome are applications. 

Systems is too generic and not specific enough to mean anything in this context.  Throw away answer.

Network Operating System does not 'usually' run on a hard drive but on memory chips in things like routers, wireless access points and switches that move network traffic.

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As computers and other digital devices have become essential to business and commerce, they have also increasingly become a target for attacks. in order for a company or an individual to use a computing device with confidence, they must first be assured that the device is not compromised in any way and that all communications will be secure