In 1989, the occupational safety & health administration (osha) published its first voluntary safety program management guidelines. more recently, osha has proposed a standard that would change the voluntary guidelines to a mandatory, enforceable standard. do you think that osha should issue this type of standard? explain your reasoning.

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Apipe with an outside diameter of 15 cm is exposed to an ambient air and surrounding temperature of -20°c. the pipe has an outer surface temperature of 65°c and an emissivity of 0.85. if the rate of heat loss from the pipe surface is 0.95 kw per meter of length, the external convective heat transfer coefficient (h) is: (a) 12.5 w/m"k (b) 18.6 w/mk (c) 23.7 w/mk (d) 27.9 w/mk (e) 33.5 w/mk

Which of the following components of a pid controlled accumulates the error over time and responds to system error after the error has been accumulated? a)- proportional b)- derivative c)- integral d)- on/off.