The physical arrangement of network equipment and cables is known as a

Network Topology

Explanation:

A network topology is the arrangement of nodes usually switches or routers, and connections in a network, often represented as a graph.  The topology of the network, and the relative locations of the source and destination of traffic flows on the network, determine the optimum path for each flow and the extent to which redundant options for routing exist in the event of a failure.

There are two types of network topologies: physical and logical. Physical topology emphasizes the physical layout of the connected devices and nodes, while the logical topology focuses on the pattern of data transfer between network nodes.

I leave you an example in the next picture:

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