(a) briefly describe the definition of charging (volumetric) efficiency of a si gasoline engine; (b) explain why the charging efficiency of a naturally aspirated si gasoline engine is always lower than 100%; (c) explain how to improve the charging efficiency of gasoline engine

If the thermal strain developed in polyimide film during deposition is given as 0.0044. assume room temperature is kept at 17.3 c, and thermal coefficient of expansion for the film and the substrate are 54 x 10^-6c^-1 and 3.3 x 10^-6c^-1respectively. calculate the deposition temperature.

Calculate the bore of a cylinder that has a stroke of 18 inches and an extension time of 6 seconds at a flow rate of 4 gal/min.

Steam enters a converging nozzle at 3.0 mpa and 500°c with a at 1.8 mpa. for a nozzle exit area of 32 cm2, determine the exit velocity, mass flow rate, and exit mach number if the nozzle: negligible velocity, and it exits (a) is isentropic (b) has an efficiency of 94 percent