Consider the cubic system having a set of crystal panes whose miller indices are (hkl). a) prove reciprocal vector ghkl is normal to the (hkl) plane. b) show that the separation of these planes is 2π times the inverse of the length ghkl.

Refrigerant 134a enters an insulated compressor operating at steady state as saturated vapor at -26°c with a volumetric flow rate of 0.18 m3/s. refrigerant exits at 9 bar, 70°c. changes in kinetic and potential energy from inlet to exit can be ignored. determine the volumetric flow rate at the exit, in m3/s, and the compressor power, in kw.

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature

Manometers are good examples of measuring instruments, nowadays they are not as common as before. a)-capacitive probe gauges b)-gravitational gauges deformation ) gauges d)-digital gauges