Acylindrical metal specimen having an original diameter of 11.88 mm and gauge length of 46.2 mm is pulled in tension until fracture occurs. the diameter at the point of fracture is 6.33 mm, and the fractured gauge length is 65.3 mm. calculate the ductility in terms of

(a) percent reduction in area (percent ra), and
(b) percent elongation (percent el).

Asteam is contained in a rigid tank with a volume of 1 m3. initially, the pressure and temperature are 7 bar and 500 oc, respectively. the temperature drops due to cooling process. determine: (1) the temperature at which condensation begins in °c, (2) the fraction of the total mass that has condensed when the pressure decreased to 0.5 bar. (3) the volume in m3 occupied by saturated liquid at the final state?