Aforward-biased silicon diode is to be used as a temperature sensor. the diode is forward biased with a constant current source and va is measured as a function of temperature. (a) derive an expression for va (t) assuming that d /l for electrons and holes, and eg are independent of temperature. (b) if the diode is biased at id 0.1 ma and if is 1015 a at t 300 k, plot va versus t for 20°c t 200°c. (c) repeat part (b) if id 1 ma. (d) determine any changes in the results of parts (a) through (c) if the change in bandgap energy with temperature is taken into account.

An external consultant recommends that a plant installs a bank of capacitors for power factor correction. this will reduce the peak electrical demand charges by an average of 93 kw every month. the plant current pays $13 per kw in peak demand charges. the capacitor bank will include 223 kw of fixed capacitors, and 183 of variable capacitors. the fixed capacitors cost $59 per kw, and the variable capacitors will cost $65 per kw. the consultant charges 21% of the equipment costs to install the capacitors. because this project will reduce the demand for the electric utility, they are prepared to provide a one-time rebate of $42 per kw of reduced demand. what is the simple payback period for this project (in years)?

Agas is compressed from vi 0.3 m, p 1 bar to of v2 0.1 m3, p2--3 bar. pressure and volume are related linearly during the process. for the gas, find the work, in kj.

Analyze the factors that influence the choice between the following pairs of processes to make the products indicated: i) sand casting versus die casting of an electric-motor housing ii) thread rolling versus machining of a bolt for high-strength application. (co3/c5)